Improving Tumor Reduction with CAR-T and TCR-T Therapy

Improving Tumor Reduction by Enhancing the Immune Response

Cancer cells evade the immune system by mutating and suppressing immune responses, making directly injecting B and T cells ineffective. However, several advanced therapies can improve immune cell function and tumor reduction.

1. CAR-T & TCR-T Therapy (Genetically Modified T Cells)

CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy)

• T cells are genetically modified to recognize specific tumor antigens.

• Effective in blood cancers (leukemia, lymphoma) but less so in solid tumors.

TCR-T (T-Cell Receptor Therapy)

• T cells are modified to recognize internal tumor antigens, making it effective for solid tumors.

How It Helps:

✅ Directly attacks cancer cells

✅ Overcomes immune suppression

✅ Provides long-lasting immune response

2. Checkpoint Inhibitors (Reactivating the Immune System)

PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors (Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab)

• Blocks PD-1 receptors that tumors use to deactivate T cells.

CTLA-4 Inhibitors (Ipilimumab)

• Removes immune “brakes,” allowing T cells to stay active.

How It Helps:

✅ Stops cancer from deactivating immune cells

✅ Increases immune cell infiltration into tumors

3. Cytokine Therapy (Boosting Immune Cell Function)

IL-2 & IL-15 Therapy

• Enhances T cell survival and activation.

IFN-γ Therapy

• Stimulates immune response and tumor destruction.

How It Helps:

✅ Strengthens immune attack on tumors

✅ Increases T cell survival

4. Oncolytic Viruses (Virus-Based Cancer Therapy)

Viruses engineered to selectively infect tumor cells.

Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): An oncolytic herpes virus that kills tumors and attracts immune cells.

Reovirus, Adenovirus, and Measles Virus: Experimental options.

How It Helps:

✅ Directly destroys cancer cells

✅ Enhances immune response against tumors

5. Combination Therapies (Using Multiple Strategies Together)

CAR-T + Checkpoint Inhibitors: Increases CAR-T cell persistence.

Oncolytic Viruses + Cytokine Therapy: Enhances immune system activation.

Checkpoint Inhibitors + Radiation: Makes tumors more visible to immune cells.

How It Helps:

✅ Overcomes multiple immune barriers

✅ Maximizes tumor destruction

Zenia
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